in-text
spelling and capitalization of computer and Internet
words
mentioning
sources in your essays | in-text parenthetical
citations | References entries
in-text spelling and capitalization of
computer and Internet words
If you use any of these words in your essays, write
them in the ways given here:
|
Internet e-mail iTunes iPod MP3 laptop notebook |
the Web a Web site Web sites the World
Wide Web Social
Security number online |
Yahoo! Facebook MySpace Skype ooVoo eBay |
instant
messaging an instant
message (after first mention, can be abbreviated as IM) America
Online Instant Messenger (after first mention, can be abbreviated as AIM) CD DVD P2P Blu-ray Blu-ray Disc |
mentioning sources in your essays
·
first mention
The
first time that you refer to an article as a whole, give the full title of the
article in quotation marks and following the rules for capitalization given
items 6. and 7. on p. 557
of Universal
Keys for Writers and also give the author’s full name (or authors’ full
names or the name of the organization attributed as the author), if this is
indicated in the book. For an example, see the reference to the article “Save
the Whales, Screw the Shrimp” by Joy Williams at the end of the second paragraph (¶2) on p. 2 of the essay linked to as
“sample essay 1” under the “synthesis of multiple reading sources” category on the Sample CPN 101 Essays site.
·
subsequent mentions
On
subsequent mentions of the article as a whole, use only the author or authors’
last names followed by the year of publication in parentheses (for all the
articles from The Internet:
Opposing Viewpoints, the year is given as 2005). For example,
However,
Coates (2005) illustrates through examples . . .
In their
article, Dillard and Hennard (2005) fail to demonstrate . . .
Davis, Elin and Reeher (2005) argue that
. . .
If the
article has no author or if the author is an organization (i.e., a “corporate
author”), just give an abbreviated version of the title in quotation marks with
the major words capitalized followed by the year in parentheses. For example, a
subsequent mention of the article “The Internet Will
Empower Corporations” could be
According to “Empower Corporations” (2005), studies cannot prove .
. .
Note:
Since “The Internet Will Empower Corporations” is an interview,
treat it as an article with no author (that is, don't indicate that Lawrence Lessig is the author of the article). Follow the same principle with “The Internet Will Empower Individuals”; since no author is
given for the article as it appeared in the periodical The Economist, cite it as having no author.
in-text parenthetical citations
If you
include any idea that is quoted, paraphrased or summarized from a source, give
an in-text parenthetical citation following the general guidelines in section 52b of Universal Keys
for Writers. Here are some special notes on the style for specific articles
from The Internet:
Opposing Viewpoints (and see also slides 6 and 7 of my
lecture “Guidelines for Writing Studies I Essays” for when to include an author's name and the year of publication in a parenthetical citation and when not to):
§ from an article with no author
. . . that “will stretch the adaptive abilities of western
democracies to their limit” (“Empower Individuals,” 2005, p. 161) and can . . .
. . . which according to “Empower Corporations” (2005) are
currently in development (pp. 165-166). These concerns . . .
(cf. rule A. on p. 768 of Universal Keys for Writers)
§ from an article with one author
. . . predicts that it “will steadily change our ideas of grammar,
syntax, and vocabulary” (Coates, 2005, p. 186). In one
instance . . .
. . . Coates
(2005) predicts that will cause us to alter perceptions about the structure of language
(p. 186), and these could . . .
§ from an article with two authors (note
especially when the ampersand, &, is used and when the word and is used)
. . .
Dillard and Hennard (2005) state that a virtual nation “will be as easy to
start in Bangalore as it is in Sunnyvale” (p. 175). They do not . . .
. . . that anyone anywhere can create a virtual nation (Dillard
& Hennard, 2005, p. 175) and even . . .
§ from an article with three or more authors (note especially when the ampersand, &, is used and when the word and is used)
. . . In the words of Davis, Elin and Reeher (2005), “The Internet makes it easier to misrepresent and lie” (p. 41)
and likewise this . . .
. . . a clear decline in participation in political activity
(Davis, Elin, & Reeher, 2005, p. 39). Theoretically, it . . .
§ from an article with a “corporate author” (see rule K.
on pp. 770-771 of Universal Keys for
Writers)
first citation: . . . refer to a “compelling
interest in protecting minors” (American Center for Law and Justice, 2005, p.
134). A statute such as . . .
subsequent citation: . . . criticisms of certain
filtering software (ACLJ, 2005, p. 131) which are
addressed . . .
Finally,
see slide 8 of the
lecture “Guidelines for Writing Studies I Essays” for the parenthetical
citation format required when you use a pronoun in your sentence to refer to an
author or authors.
Include in your References a separate entry for any
article from The Internet:
Opposing Viewpoints that you cite in the body of your essay. Format each
entry following the general guidelines in section 52c
of Universal Keys for Writers. A sample
References page follows; note especially
·
for each
author only one first name is given and this is indicated by an initial only
·
article
titles are NOT put in
quotation marks
·
in both
article and book titles, only the first letter of the word at the beginning of
the title or after a colon or the first letter of any proper name in the title
is capitalized
·
the year of publication in parentheses after the name of the author
·
the
alphabetical order of the entries
example:
References
American Center for Law and Justice. (2005). The
government should regulate Internet pornography. In
J. Torr (Ed.), The Internet:
Opposing viewpoints (pp. 131-134). Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press.
Coates,
J. (2005). The Internet will become a more pervasive
part of daily life. In J. Torr (Ed.), The
Internet: Opposing viewpoints (pp. 180-187).
Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press.
Davis, S., Elin, L., & Reeher, G. (2005). The Internet helps
citizens become more active in politics. In J. Torr (Ed.), The Internet: Opposing viewpoints (pp.
36-46). Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven
Press.
The
Internet will empower individuals. (2005).
In J. Torr (Ed.), The Internet:
Opposing viewpoints (pp. 153-161). Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press.
Nie, N., & Erbring, L. (2005). Internet use
decreases social interaction. In J. Torr (Ed.), The Internet: Opposing viewpoints (pp.
28-34). Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven
Press.